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The Obama administration is seeking to make new trade deals. Among these is the Trans Pacific Partnership with 11 Pacific nations. Another is a trade agreement with Europe. But getting trading partners to sign the deals and the U.S. Congress to approve them requires negotiations. One of the issues to settle is how nations manage their currencies, or money. Protesters from U.S. trade unions and others questioning free trade, say some nations control the value of their currencies unfairly. This can give their exports an unfair price advantage on world markets. And that, the critics say, hurts American workers. Exporting countries gain when the exchange value of their currency is low. Carnegie Mellon University economics professor Lee Branstetter says this can have the same effect as providing financial support or protection to a nation’s exporters. He says it makes exporters’ goods cheap and importers’ goods expensive. Mr. Branstetter says nations can change the value of their own currencies by using their money to buy U.S. currency and government securities. Some members of Congress are concerned that the issue of unfairly low currency values will hurt manufacturing jobs. But Mr. Branstetter says such rules also could affect U.S. economic policies such as efforts to keep interest rates low. The Trans-Pacific Partnership now is almost completed. Some experts say adding currency control wording now could stop the agreement. Under Secretary of State Catherine Novelli says failing to reach a deal could hurt U.S. workers.
