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Researchers have published a report about the fossil of a mammal. It is 125 million years old. Scientists have named the new mammal type “Spinolestes xenarthrosus.” Its discovery may prove that mammals lived 60 million years earlier than scientists had thought. The fossil was found in 2011. A team of researchers from the Autonomous University of Madrid, the University of Bonn in Germany and the University of Chicago examined the fossil. They reported their findings in the journal Nature. They say the fossil includes the earliest-known examples in the evolutionary history of mammals. The fossil represents the animal’s hair, parts of its ear and tissue from the liver and lung. One researcher called the fossil “a spectacular find.” He said such well-kept skin and hair structures are very rare for such an old fossil. Scientists found the fossil in central Spain where a freshwater wetland once existed. Researchers say the animal was about 24 centimeters long and weighed between 50 to 70 grams. That is about the size of a young rat. They say its teeth and skeleton show that it lived on the ground and ate insects. The researchers say its hair and skin were similar to that of modern mammals. They saw several hairs formed from the same skin pore. The animal also had tiny spines on its back. The fossil was in such good condition that scientists were able to see that it suffered from a type of skin infection, one that living mammals still get today.
