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Studies show that children from poor families have more difficulty in school than other students. Now, American researchers may have found a biological reason. They found differences in the brains of students who had low standardized test scores. Their brains had less gray matter, or neural tissue. The parts of their brains called the temporal lobes developed more slowly than other children. Temporal lobes and gray matter are very important brain areas, says researcher Barbara Wolfe. She is a professor at the University of Wisconsin at Madison. She said the brain areas are “critical” because they keep developing until individuals are in their teens or early 20s. She says they are important for decision making. Researchers studied brain images of nearly 400 children and young adults. On average, young people from poor families had test results between three and four points below their age group. The poorest students scored between eight and 10 points below normal. Ms. Wolfe says one reason could be that poor children do not get the food they need for healthy development. And, poor parents are less likely to stimulate their children’s brains. Ms. Wolfe also blames the stress parents have in dealing with poverty. The researchers say that up to 20 percent of the test difference could be tied to poverty. Ms. Wolfe suggests early action may help children living in poverty. The findings were reported in the journal JAMA Pediatrics.
