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Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness around the world. Glaucoma results from an over-production of fluid in the eye. The buildup of fluid causes uncomfortable pressure in the eye which can lead to blindness. Glaucoma can be controlled with eye drops that either reduce the fluid, increase the flow of tears from the eye, or both. If doctors need to inject medicine into the eye for other conditions, they generally use a hypodermic needle. That can be painful. Now, researchers are developing very small needles that may offer a more effective and painless treatment for glaucoma and other eye diseases. The needles are only about point-four to point-seven millimeters long. These instruments, called microneedles, can put medication into the front of the eye, exactly where it is needed. Its developers say injections of time-release drugs every three to six months could replace daily glaucoma eye drops. Mark Prausnitz is from the Georgia Institute of Technology. He helped develop the microneedles in a joint project with researchers at Emory University. Being able to target the drug means that less medicine is needed. The microneedles are either hollow or empty, like a normal hypodermic needle, or covered with a drug which breaks down in the eye. Dr. Prausnitz says some people may find the microneedles uncomfortable despite their small size. But he says an anesthetic drug could be used so that a patient does not feel any pain.
